Modeling the Ability of Wide Band Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy to Detect and Differentiate Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Brain Stroke

The purpose of research is focused on factors affecting the detection and differentiation of circulatory disorders using broadband measurements of electrical impedance parameters.

Methods. The measurements were conducted using an anatomically realistic head phantom consisting that contained three major components simulating the scalp, skull and the brain. The pathological foci were simulated by injection of sodium chloride dissolved in distilled water. A purpose made measuring setup that provides wideband electrical impedance measurements in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 1 MHz and a basic error of no more than 1% was used.

Results. Early diagnosis of brain stroke is a necessary condition for successful treatment and subsequent rehabilitation. Computed tomography has the most advanced diagnostic capabilities, but it can used only in hospitals. Electrical impedance spectroscopy, a method to measure the electrical parameters of biological tissues, can potentially be used for early diagnosis at the pre-hospital stage. The article presents the results of numerical and phantom modeling aimed to study the ability of electrical impedance spectroscopy to detect and differentiate ischemic and hemorrhagic types of brain stroke.

Conclusion. Wideband electrical impedance spectroscopy can be considered as a promising cerebrovascular screening method. However, it has some limitations that should be addressed to develop biotechnical systems for clinical applications. In particular, the minimum size of a detected ischemic lesion depends on the resolution and dynamic range of the system. To detect foci with a volume of no more than 5 ml, located close to the electrodes, a dynamic range of the system must be at least 60 dB. Systems with typical dynamic range of 40 dB the minimal detectable volume increases up to 30 ml.

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