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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uprinmatus</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета. Серия: Управление, вычислительная техника, информатика. Медицинское приборостроение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: IT Management, Computer Science, Computer Engineering. Medical Equipment Engineering</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-1536</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Юго-Западный государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21869/2223-1536-2025-15-3-66-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uprinmatus-349</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАТРОНИКА, РОБОТОТЕХНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHATRONICS, ROBOTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнение алгоритмов машинного обучения для динамического планирования пути робота</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparison of machine learning algorithms for dynamic robot path planning</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2486-9175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каймакова</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaimakova</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айгерим Бекбулаткызы Каймакова, магистрант кафедры информационных технологий</p><p>ул. Толе би, д. 59, г. Алматы 050000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aigerim B. Kaimakova, Undergraduate of the Department of Information Technologies</p><p>59 Tole Bi Str., Almaty 050000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ai_kaimakova@kbtu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алдамуратов</surname><given-names>Ж. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aldamuratov</surname><given-names>Zh. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жомарт Утегенович Алдамуратов, магистр компьютерных наук, старший преподаватель</p><p>ул. Толе би, д. 59, г. Алматы 050000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhomart U. Aldamuratov, Master of Computer Science, Senior Lecturer</p><p>59 Tole Bi Str., Almaty 050000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахстанско-Британский технический университет</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazakh-British Technical University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каймакова А.Б., Алдамуратов Ж.У., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каймакова А.Б., Алдамуратов Ж.У.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kaimakova A.B., Aldamuratov Z.U.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://uprinmatus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/349">https://uprinmatus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/349</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Целью настоящей научной работы является проведение комплексного теоретического и аналитического обзора современных алгоритмов машинного обучения, применяемых для решения задач динамического планирования маршрутов мобильных роботов. Основное внимание уделяется сравнительной оценке эффективности различных парадигм обучения: обучения с подкреплением, обучения с учителем и гибридных подходов – в условиях изменяющейся и неопределённой среды, где важна оперативная адаптация, обучаемость и устойчивость алгоритма.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Исследование основано на анализе более 40 рецензируемых научных публикаций, отобранных из ведущих международных академических баз данных за период с 2020 по 2024 гг. Применялась структурированная методология, включающая описательные, сравнительные и аналитические подходы. В качестве основных критериев оценки использовались: скорость сходимости; вычислительная эффективность; способность к обобщению; устойчивость к шуму; адаптивность к реальному времени и стабильность поведения в изменяющихся условиях.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что табличные алгоритмы обеспечивают базовую навигационную функциональность, но не масштабируются для сложных задач. Глубинные модели обладают высокой степенью адаптивности и эффективности. Обучение с учителем демонстрирует точность при наличии экспертных данных, но уязвимо к накоплению ошибок. Гибридные архитектуры, сочетающие графовые нейросети и символическое моделирование, достигают наилучших показателей интерпретируемости и устойчивости в условиях нестабильной среды.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты формируют надёжную теоретическую основу для выбора и применения алгоритмов автономной навигации. Сравнительный анализ подчёркивает ценность гибких, масштабируемых и объяснимых моделей в интеллектуальных робототехнических системах нового поколения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The purpose of research</title><p>The purpose of research. The purpose of this scientific work is to conduct a comprehensive theoretical and analytical review of modern machine learning algorithms used to solve the problems of dynamic route planning for mobile robots. The main focus is on a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of various learning paradigms – reinforcement learning, teacher-based learning, and hybrid approaches – in a changing and uncertain environment where rapid adaptation, learnability, and algorithm stability are important.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study is based on an analysis of more than 40 peer-reviewed scientific publications selected from leading international academic databases for the period from 2020 to 2024. A structured methodology was used, including descriptive, comparative, and analytical approaches. The main evaluation criteria were: convergence rate; computational efficiency; generalization ability; noise tolerance; adaptability to real-time and stable behavior in changing conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It is shown that tabular algorithms provide basic navigation functionality, but they do not scale for complex tasks. Deep models have a high degree of adaptability and efficiency. Teaching with a teacher demonstrates accuracy in the presence of expert data, but is vulnerable to the accumulation of errors. Hybrid architectures combining graph neural networks and symbolic modeling achieve the best interpretability and stability in an unstable environment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results obtained form a reliable theoretical basis for the selection and application of autonomous navigation algorithms. The comparative analysis highlights the value of flexible, scalable, and explicable models in intelligent robotics systems of a new generation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>динамическое планирование пути</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>поведенческое клонирование</kwd><kwd>глубокие Q-сети</kwd><kwd>проксимальная оптимизация политики</kwd><kwd>мобильные роботы</kwd><kwd>автономная навигация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dynamic path planning</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>behavioral cloning</kwd><kwd>deep Q-networks</kwd><kwd>proximal policy optimization</kwd><kwd>mobile robots</kwd><kwd>autonomous navigation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X., Zikry A.H.A., Hassan A.Y., Shaban W.I., Abdel-Momen S.F. Dynamic path planning of mobile robots using adaptive dynamic programming. 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